Postnatal Depression: Symptoms, Causes and Support After Birth Trauma

When Sarah gave birth to her first child, she expected it to be one of the happiest moments of her life. Instead, she was met with exhaustion, grief and a nagging question: What’s wrong with me? 


Like many mothers, Sarah was struggling with postnatal depression (PND)—a condition that affects up to 1 in 5 mothers in Australia.

For Sarah, her PND was worsened by the trauma of a difficult delivery. After weeks of feeling disconnected from her baby, she sought help and began to heal. Later, she discovered her traumatic birth experience might have been preventable. Seeking legal advice, she turned to a birth trauma lawyer to understand her options.


Sarah’s experience is far from unique. If this sounds familiar, you’re not alone—and help is available. This guide covers the causes of PND, how to spot it and where to get support, especially if birth trauma played a role.



What Is Postnatal Depression?


Postnatal depression (PND) is a serious mental health condition that can develop after childbirth. It affects a mother’s emotional well-being and her ability to care for herself and her baby. Symptoms often include low mood, poor sleep, exhaustion, appetite changes, tearfulness and anxiety.


Nearly 80% of new mothers experience the "baby blues" during the first 10 days postpartum. These short-term feelings, like mood swings and irritability, are caused by hormonal changes. They usually pass quickly.


But PND is different. It’s more intense and can last much longer. It can develop anytime within the first year after birth.

Sometimes symptoms build gradually, becoming worse over time. Other times, they appear suddenly and feel overwhelming.


But no matter how PND shows up, you don’t have to go through it alone. Help is available. And with the right support, recovery is possible.


Symptoms of Postnatal Depression

Postnatal depression (PND) can manifest differently for everyone but common signs include:

  • Persistent sadness, pessimism or feelings of emptiness
  • Loss of interest or enjoyment in daily activities
  • Low self-esteem and confidence
  • Difficulty sleeping, even when the baby is asleep
  • A sense of hopelessness, guilt or inadequacy as a mother
  • Irritability or heightened frustration
  • Reduced libido
  • Overwhelming fears for the baby’s or partner’s well-being
  • Suicidal thoughts or feelings

If these symptoms resonate, know that PND is a medical condition, not a personal failure. Support and treatment can lead to recovery.

Contributing Factors to Postnatal Depression


PND can affect any new parent but certain factors may increase the risk:


Biological Changes


  • Hormonal shifts following childbirth can affect brain chemistry, triggering mood changes.
  • Physical recovery from delivery and broken sleep can exacerbate exhaustion and stress.

Emotional Challenges


  • Adapting to the demands of parenthood while managing relationship changes can feel overwhelming.
  • Loss of independence and the constant needs of a newborn may lead to feelings of isolation.

Social Pressures


  • Societal expectations of mothers can amplify stress, especially when balancing relationships, work and finances.
  • Limited support from friends, family or a partner can leave new mothers feeling alone.

Other Factors


  • A history of depression or anxiety
  • Birth trauma or complications during delivery
  • Antenatal depression (during pregnancy)
  • Financial or relational stress

Birth Trauma and PND


Traumatic births, such as medical complications or dismissive care, can greatly increase the risk of PND. They leave lasting emotional scars.


So if you believe medical negligence played a role, exploring your rights could make a difference. It’s an important step toward finding support and accountability.


Paternal Postnatal Depression


PND isn’t limited to mothers. Research shows that 1 in 10 fathers experience postnatal depression. Risk factors for partners include:


  • First-time parenthood or older age
  • Limited social support or interaction
  • Poor physical health or a history of mental health challenges
  • Strained relationships with their partner
  • Stress from financial or life circumstances

Support for both parents is crucial, as PND can strain relationships.


Support for Parents Experiencing Postnatal Depression

For Partners and Support Persons


  • Educate yourself about PND to better understand what your loved one is experiencing.
  • Offer emotional and practical support, such as helping with baby care or household tasks.
  • Encourage open communication while being patient and empathetic.
  • Avoid taking criticism or negative feelings personally—it’s a symptom of the condition.

For Couples


PND can strain relationships but taking proactive steps can strengthen your bond.


  • Learn about PND together to recognise its impact.
  • Maintain open communication and avoid making significant life decisions during this time.
  • Find ways to reconnect as a couple, such as setting aside time for shared activities.
  • Seek professional counselling if relationship challenges persist.

Self-Care for Parents


Prioritising self-care is essential for emotional and physical well-being.


  • Rest whenever possible and establish a routine to support healthy sleep and eating habits.
  • Stay connected with friends and parenting groups to avoid isolation.
  • Take time for hobbies or activities that bring you joy.

How to Help a Loved One with Postnatal Depression


If someone you know is struggling with PND, your support can make a difference.


  • Offer practical help, like babysitting or managing household chores.
  • Be patient and empathetic, allowing them to share their feelings without judgment.
  • Avoid criticism or pressure about their appearance or parenting style.
  • Encourage professional help if you’re concerned about their well-being.

Where to Get Help for Postnatal Depression


If you’re experiencing postnatal depression, support is available from various sources:

  • Your GP (doctor): Your first point of contact for discussing symptoms, treatment options and referrals.
  • Professional counsellors: Psychologists or psychotherapists trained in maternal mental health.
  • Perinatal psychiatrists: Specialists providing tailored care for severe or complex cases of PND.
  • Your maternity or local hospital: Many hospitals offer programs supporting women and families affected by PND.
  • Maternal and child health nurses: Located in local councils, they provide valuable advice and postpartum care.
  • Birth Trauma Law: If your PND is linked to birth trauma or medical negligence, Birth Trauma Law can help you explore your legal rights. Our compassionate team ensures you have the support and accountability you need while focusing on recovery.
  • Maternal and Child Health Line: A 24-hour parenting helpline available at 13 22 29.
  • PANDA (Perinatal Anxiety and Depression Australia): A dedicated helpline offering perinatal support at 1300 726 306 (Monday to Friday, 9 am to 7.30 pm AEST/AEDT).
  • Lifeline: Crisis support available 24/7 at 13 11 14.
  • Beyond Blue: Mental health resources for parents at 1300 224 636.
  • Gidget Foundation: Offers specialist counselling and support for expectant and new parents.
  • Suicide Call Back Service: Professional 24/7 counselling at 1300 659 467.

You’re Not Alone


Postnatal depression can feel isolating but support is within reach. Whether it’s through medical treatment, counselling or connecting with others who understand, you can heal.


And if your experience with PND involves unresolved birth trauma, know that you have options. At Birth Trauma Law, we’re here to listen, guide and advocate for you. Reach out today to begin your journey toward recovery and justice.


FAQs About Postnatal Depression


What is postnatal depression?


Postnatal depression (PND) is a serious mental health condition that occurs after childbirth, affecting a mother’s emotional well-being and her ability to care for herself and her baby.


How long does postnatal depression last?


With treatment, many mothers recover within six months. Without support, it can persist longer.


How is postnatal depression different from postpartum birth trauma disorders?


PND primarily affects mood and emotional well-being. Meanwhile, postpartum birth trauma disorders, like PTSD, stem from a distressing delivery and focus on trauma-related symptoms.


What causes postnatal depression?


PND can result from hormonal changes, exhaustion or major life adjustments. Other factors include:


  • Previous mental health challenges
  • Lack of support
  • Birth trauma or delivery complications

Can negligent pregnancy care contribute to postnatal depression?


Yes, improper care during pregnancy can lead to complications that heighten the risk of both birth trauma and postnatal depression. Exploring your care history may uncover signs of negligence.


Is postnatal depression linked to psychological birth trauma?


Absolutely. Experiencing psychological birth trauma during delivery can leave lasting emotional scars, making it harder to bond with your baby and adjust to postpartum life.


What role do anxiety disorders play in postnatal depression?


Anxiety disorders often accompany postnatal depression, causing heightened fears or persistent worry. 


Can partners experience postnatal depression?


Yes. Partners can also face postnatal depression, often due to the challenges and stresses of adjusting to parenthood.


Can failure to diagnose in utero lead to postnatal depression?


Failure to diagnose in utero can result in unforeseen complications during delivery, increasing the likelihood of birth trauma and PND. Identifying these errors can be crucial for seeking support and accountability.


Is it safe to take antidepressants while breastfeeding?


Some antidepressants are safe during breastfeeding. Speak to your doctor to find the right option for you.


Where can I find support for postnatal depression?


Start by speaking with your GP, who can connect you to local resources, therapy or support groups. If your depression is linked to birth trauma, our team at Birth Trauma Law is here to guide you through your legal options.


How can I start healing from postnatal depression?


Recovery often involves a combination of emotional, medical and practical support. Therapy, medication and a strong support network can help you regain balance.


What is birth trauma and how does it relate to postnatal depression?


Birth trauma refers to physical or psychological distress resulting from a difficult or traumatic delivery experience. It can significantly increase the risk of postnatal depression. 


Can I claim compensation if postnatal depression resulted from birth trauma?


Yes, you may be entitled to birth trauma compensation if your experience stems from negligent medical care or lack of support during childbirth. Consulting with a legal expert can help you understand your options.


How can a birth trauma lawyer assist with postnatal depression cases?


A birth trauma lawyer can assist in gathering evidence, explaining your rights and pursuing a claim to hold healthcare providers accountable for preventable harm.


Where can I get help for postnatal depression caused by birth trauma?


If you suspect your depression stems from a traumatic birth, reach out for legal support at Birth Trauma. Our team can help you explore your rights and take steps toward healing.

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